Radio Amateurs (HAMS) do not Hinder but Serve their Local Communities in the Southern Cape Area!

Image:  Mobile Emergency Communication Station  (Click on image for larger view.)

The title of the article says it all: Radio Amateurs (HAMS) do not Hinder but Serve their Local Communities in the Southern Cape Area! 

Through the years amateur radio operators has wrongly been identified as Citizen Band (CB Radio) operators that in the eyes of the public serve no useful purpose other than chatting to each other on their radios.  This impressions is far from the truth when it comes to amateur radio operators also called HAMS.  There are more than 3 million people World Wide that practices Amateur Radio.

Incidents where neighbors spot a towering antenna or a mast rising above the rooftop has resulted in complaints being send to the local municipal authority in Mossel Bay.  Some view the towers or masts as a concern and an eyesore while others complain that its obstructing their sea view.  Some even go so far as to claim that is its a health and safety risk and also an unnecessary intrusion on the skyline just to talk to one another.  In this day in age why not use a cellphone to talk to your buddies?  Such complaints are on the increase and it has become necessary to address concerns of the general public even though in some cases the radio amateur lived and erected a tower in the neighborhood long before new entrants moved into the area.  Understandably from an aesthetic standpoint, the profound role these masts and antennas play is overlooked from the point of view by the general public as well as uninformed local authorities.

Far from being a mere hobby or a nuisance, amateur radio operators (HAMS) are licensed guardians of emergency communications and render their skillful knowledge and service to the general public and local authorities during disasters, emergencies, community events etc.  This service is provide free of any charges and all expenses is bared by the radio amateurs themselves.  A free service to the benefit of the local authority and the general public whenever our services are needed.  I will later provide more information on the specific services rendered and also proof of such services being provided in the past.

Anchored in rigorous International and National Regulations, the service that radio amateurs provide is a testament to service, innovation and community protection.  Yes, community protection! (See link below for more information)  

Now this article provides an overview into the regulated world of amateur radio, its vital contribution to the Southern Cape Area safety net and the official endorsements that underscore its value, transforming what might seem like a nuisance and backyard operation to some.  In fact this is far from the truth.  Please read on and you will discover how the best hobby in the world is also the beacon of resilience.

A Regulated Service

Amateur Radio is not only a hobby but also renders a service to the local authorities and community when modern communications fail.  Yes modern communications do fail.  The Knysna Fire 2017 is only one instance where modern communications failed.  Amateur Radio is a formally recognized radio communication service under Local and International law. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United nations, defines the amateur radio service in it's Radio Regulations as "a radio communication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, by duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest."  This definition, enshrined in Article 1.56 of the ITU Radio Regulations, elevates amateur radio beyond a hobby to a structured discipline with global oversight.

In South Africa, this international framework is implemented through the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA).  Established under the ICASA Act and the Electronic Communications Act of 2005, ICASA issues amateur radio station licenses only to those who demonstrate technical competence.  Aspiring operators must pass rigorous examinations covering radio theory, regulations and operating procedures.  Licenses are divided into classes:  Class A (for advanced operators) and Class B (for beginners), with restrictions on power output and frequency bands to ensure safe and interference free operations.

Towers and antennas, often the focal point of neighbor disputes are not erected haphazardly.  ICASA's Radio Frequency Spectrum Regulations 2015 mandate compliance with structural safety standards, including engineering assessments to withstand South Africa's variable weather conditions. 

In many instances by-laws of local authorities does not make provision for radio amateur antennas, masts and towers.  When a complaint is lodged the local authority use old and outdated by-laws.  In some instances antennas and towers are described as structures and building plans must be submitted together with a town planner and structural engineer's certification. Written permission must also by obtained from neighbors. Some authorities rely on by laws regarding the installation of TV Antennas which is then used for installation of amateur radio antennas, mast and towers.  Currently there is no distinction in this regard. This is an omission that seriously hampers the great free services provided by amateur radio to their respected communities.

In many cases complaints rely solely on the visual impact of the antennas and tower and not on the service that amateur radio provides to their local communities.  In other instances amateur radio antennas, masts and towers has been erected long before any by law existed that regulates installations. In one instance a radio amateur erected his tower in 2004 and a neighbor only complained about the tower only 14 years later.  

Don't understand me wrong it is not that we are unwilling to comply or work with authorities and the community when putting up towers.  We need to all work together, provide sound input and representations  to establish clear guidelines and by-laws.  The ideal situation would be that amateur radio antennas and towers be recognized  as essential infrastructure rather then illegal  or that it's visual impact is not acceptable to some. 

Amateur Radio is over a century old, with roots tracing back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It originated alongside the birth of radio technology itself, with enthusiasts experimenting with wireless telegraphy as early as the 1890s.  Now that we know how old amateur radio is, it is important to look at some services it rendered in the Southern Cape and South Africa throughout the years.  Unfortunately space only allows for a few examples but I am sure those mentioned here will provide a great overview of the service we provide to our local communities, authorities locally and nationally as well as world wide.

Community Service in Action (Internationally, Nationally and Locally)

Before I provide a few incidents let me point out that there are to many instances where amateur radio saved lives by assisting in providing emergency communications when all else failed or when a distress call is received.  I will only provide a few.  Before continuing I would like to mention that radio amateurs does provide a service that entails many different scenarios.  The instances below does not mean that radio amateurs can only assist in the mentioned incidents.  Some might even be surprised to learn that radio amateurs can provide emergency communications in outer space via satellites should the need arise.  Radio Amateurs can "cater" for any eventuality as they do have all the necessary radio equipment and satellites available to do just that.

Image: Mossel Bay Fire Storm  (Click on image for larger view.)

Now herewith a few past and present events that radio amateurs assisted in:  (Click on the links for more information)

• One of the most famous rescue effort took place after the Laingsburg Flood (25 January 1981) and for a week, the only contact between Laingsburg and the rest of the country was via Amateur Radio.
• Harnessing Technology for Early Warning - Local Mossel Bay Radio Amateur participate in the Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Research Project by the University of Cape Town.
• Mossel Bay Radio Amateurs give wireless support behind the scenes -  Knysna Fire Disaster 2017
• Amateur Radio Mesh Network Brought into Mix as Volunteers Assist in South African Fire Disaster
• South African Radio Amateurs Poised to Support Communication as Wildfires Rage  
•  “A major problem fighting the massive fires that ravaged Knysna  was the lack of communications and electricity outages"  -  HAMNET Report 25 June 2017
• South African Radio Amateur save lives - Maritime Rescue near Brazil 
• Three Amateur Radio Clubs provided radio communication during the World Renowned Mountain Ultra Trial (MUT) 2024
• Destructive Fire destroy and damage homes, cars and wild-life in Mossel Bay (5 - 10 January 2026)
• Amateur Radio Emergency Communications PDF - After Action Report 2017 Knysna Fires
  
• Amateur Radio Emergency Communications PDF - After Action Report 2018 Herold / George Fire 
• Amateur Radio Software provides notification of Strong 5.3 Earthquake - West of Brandvlei, SA, on Sunday, December 22, 2024, at 02:51 SAST
  

Image: Amateur Radio  Emergency Communications Field Station at St Blaize, Mossel Bay

Local Community Events where Radio Amateurs assist with communications:

• ISUZU Iron Man Competition - Mossel Bay
• St Blaze Mossel Bay Lighthouse - Radio Amateurs  participate in International Lighthouse and Lightship Awareness Weekend 
• Radio Amateurs (hams) and HAMNET members have historically assisted with communication in Blind Navigator Rallies
• Amateur Radio Communications: 2013 Mossel Bay Mini Air Race - 13 October 2013
• Great Teamwork by Radio Amateurs: 2013 President's Trofee Air Race: Oudtshoorn, South Africa (23 - 25 May 2013)  
• Amateur Radio H.O.T.A Activation: 1. 500 year old Post Office Tree 2. Dias Museum, Mossel Bay - 19 November 2022 14h00
  

Above is only a few incidents / events in which amateur played a important roll in providing services to the community and assistance during disasters.  I am sure many will agree if it was not for radio amateurs and their equipment many lives, homes and animals would have been lost on land and sea.

Health and Safety Concerns

Members of the public living near radio amateurs often express their concern about health risks when amateur radio operators transmit (Electromagnetic Fields aka EMF) RF using their radios. Amateur radio installations are governed by stringent safety standards.  ICASA adopts exposure limits from the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)  which align with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.

WHO's extensive reviews included over 25 000 studies, conclude that low-level EMF from amateur radio poses no confirmed health  risks.  Radio amateurs are trained to evaluate their stations using tools like the FCC's RF exposure guidelines, adapted locally to avoid interference with aviation, broadcasting or emergency services.  In practice most amateur radio setups operate well below these thresholds, far safer than everyday devices like cell phones.

Official Recognition:  A Global and National Endorsement

Amateur radio's role in disaster response is officially recognized by the United Nations.  The ITU under UN auspices highlights amateurs in emergency telecommunications, noting their ability to provide voice, text, digital and data links in remote or devastated areas.  The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) cites amateur radio as a resilient method for risk reduction, integrated into global strategies like the Sendai Framework.

In South Africa the South African Radio League (SARL= National Body for Amateur Radio in South Africa) collaborates with ICASA and provincial disaster management / agencies to embed amateur networks in emergency plans in all provinces. These partnership underscores amateurs as a "force multiplier" in crises as per United Nations guidelines.

More than Towers / Antennas:  Equipment of readiness and hope

Those amateur radio antennas and towers are not vanity projects but lifelines.  In the Southern Cape Area devastating fires, floods, wind storms and even earthquake risks, they represent not only preparedness but a necessity when disasters or emergencies occur.  The neighbor decrying a tower and antennas might one day rely on it for a distress call when all other means of communications fails. The Knysna Fire in 2017 is a reminder in this regard where it was reported:  “A major problem fighting the massive fires that ravaged Knysna  was the lack of communications and electricity outages"

Conclusion:  Embrace Radio Amateurs as they are the Guardians of the Airwaves

Radio Amateurs do not hinder communities - they fortify and assist their communities.  Under ITU and ICASA oversight, with the SARL's guidance and UN endorsement they embody regulated volunteerism and Ubuntu.  The next time a tower or mast graces the Southern Cape Area see it as a symbol of service; metal and wire woven into the fabric of safety and solidarity.  By supporting Radio Amateurs we invest in our collective resilience.

In the final analysis, while amateur radio have a storied past, the future looks even brighter. The fusion of traditional knowledge with contemporary innovations is set to usher in a golden era for
amateur radio. In the realm of crisis communication, amateur radio remain, as ever, a stalwart ally, poised to play an even more pivotal role in the future.

AMATEUR (HAM) RADIO IS THE ONLY FAIL SAFE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN THE WORLD!

Images:  Past and present events where amateur radio assisted communities in need.  (Click on images for larger view.)

 

ED.  This article would not have been possible without the contribution by many fellow radio amateurs, news papers, HAMNET  and the Internet.  To many to mention individually.  I do not claim in any way to be the owner of any of the content and information.  In my humble opinion it belongs to Amateur Radio.  All the inputs are highly appreciated.

Large Wildfire threatened Danabay near Mossel Bay!! (26 November 2025)

Image: Danabay Fire - Gerrit ZS1KLO (Click for larger view.)

During the Sonsakspan Net on the 26 November 2025 at 16h30 the following interesting question was asked by Jacobus ZS1JDJ.

What impact does ash, smoke and flames have on radio communications while a veld fire is burning?

Danie ZS1DL reported that there was a lot of interference on his radios while the emergency personal attended to the fire and other incidents. 

Videos:  Provided by Danie ZS1DL

Herewith a short explanation:

Wildfire ash and the associated smoke and flames can significantly impact amateur radio signals

Wildfire ash and the associated smoke and flames can significantly impact ham radio signals by causing signal attenuation and refraction, particularly at higher frequencies like VHF and UHF. The effect is dependent on the density and chemical composition of the smoke/ash, and the frequency band used. 

Effects on Radio Signals

• Signal Attenuation: The primary effect is a degradation of signal strength. Smoke and ash contain particulate matter (like graphitic carbon and potassium) and ionized gases (plasma) that can absorb or scatter electromagnetic waves.

• Frequency Dependence: Higher frequencies (UHF and above, such as 70cm amateur bands, Wi-Fi's 2.4 GHz, and cell signals) are generally more affected by the particulate matter than lower frequencies (VHF and HF bands).

• Refraction and Ducting: The intense heat from a wildfire creates a "thermal bubble" or "thermal lens" in the atmosphere, leading to temperature inversions and changes in the air's refractive index. This can sometimes cause unexpected signal bending (refraction) and even enhance long-distance propagation (tropospheric ducting) in certain conditions, where radio waves bounce further than normal.

  
  
  What is a Thermal Bubble?

  A thermal bubble is a concept used to describe a buoyant mass of hot air and emissions that rises from an intense fire. 

• Formation: Continuous heating of the surface air mass by the fire causes the air to bulge upwards into a "bubble". The intense heat creates strong thermal buoyancy, making the air less dense than the surrounding cooler air.

• Ascension: Eventually, this hot air mass can break away from the surface and ascend into the atmosphere as a distinct cell.

• Atmospheric Dynamics: As the thermal bubble rises, cooler air from aloft moves downward to replace the ascending warm air, initiating a circular motion or horizontal roll vortices at the edges of the plume. This process is part of the formation of a pyrocumulus cloud (fire cloud) and is most prominent in strong vertical wind profile environments. 

  
  
  Image:  Pyrocumulus cloud, or fire cloud - Wikipedia
  

         What is a Thermal Lens? 

A "thermal lens" in the context of wildfires

refers to the atmospheric distortion caused by a fire's heat, which can negatively impact radio communications. The intense heat creates a "thermal bubble," which acts like a physical lens, bending radio waves and causing signal degradation. This phenomenon requires specialized communication strategies and technologies for effective firefighting and operational coordination during a wildfire. 

How it works

• Atmospheric distortion: Wildfire heat creates a plume of hot air, smoke, and debris, which alters the air's density and refractive index.
• Radio wave bending: This change in the atmosphere causes radio waves to bend or refract, similar to how a glass lens bends light.
• Signal disruption: The bending can cause the signal to be weaker, distorted, or lost entirely, making it difficult for emergency responders to communicate using standard equipment.

Impact on radio communications

• Coverage gaps: Areas directly under or near the plume experience significant radio dead zones.
• Interference: Other radio signals can interfere with one another, leading to unreliable communication.
• Operational challenges: Firefighters need to have a backup plan, such as using different radio frequencies, satellite phones, or establishing direct line-of-sight communication.

Solutions and strategies

• Specialized equipment: Firefighting agencies often use specialized radio equipment that can better penetrate or adapt to the challenging conditions.
• Backup systems: Relying on multiple communication systems, such as satellite phones and handheld radios, can ensure redundancy.
• Strategic planning: Planning for the thermal lens effect is crucial. This includes identifying areas likely to be affected and developing contingency communication plans.
• High-frequency radios: Some high-frequency radios are less affected by atmospheric conditions and can provide more reliable communication over longer distances.

Radio Operations During Wildfires

Image: The illustration above shows high altitude troposheric ducting - VK3SF.

Despite these challenges, amateur radio operators play a vital role in emergency communications during fire events, often filling in when traditional cellular or landline infrastructure fails. They adapt their operations by: 

• Utilizing lower frequency bands (HF or 2m VHF) which are less susceptible to severe attenuation from smoke than UHF.

• Employing tactical positioning of antennas to work around dense smoke plumes or terrain features.

• Leveraging enhanced (though unpredictable) propagation events like tropospheric ducting to make long-distance contacts.

Temperature inversions significantly disrupt radio communications during wildfires by creating

anomalous propagation conditions that can cause signal path loss and unpredictable signal patterns. 

Effects on Radio Communications

• Signal Trapping and Bouncing: A temperature inversion creates a "lid" of warm air over cooler, denser ground-level air, which traps smoke and pollutants. Radio waves get bounced or "trapped" within this cooler surface layer, leading to signals ricocheting around rather than propagating normally through the atmosphere.
• Signal Path Loss: The environment created by the fire plume itself and the inversion is "sub-refractive," which can cause significant radio signal path loss, especially over long distances.
• Unpredictable Behavior: The turbulent, ionized, and smoke-laden atmosphere within and around a fire can cause radio beams to spread out or bend in unpredictable ways, making consistent communication difficult.
• Increased Range for Some Signals: In some instances, the "sandwich effect" of an inversion layer can cause sound and radio waves to travel further than normal, leading to unexpected signal reception from distant sources, though this is generally unreliable for operational communication within the fire zone.

Operational Impact During Wildfires for Firefighters

 

For firefighters, these disruptions mean that traditional radio communication systems can become unreliable, particularly in valleys or areas where inversions settle overnight. This communication failure poses a significant safety risk during active fire suppression efforts. 

Mitigation Strategies:

• Situational Awareness: Fire crews are trained to observe and report weather conditions, including signs of an inversion (e.g., low-hanging smoke, hazy atmosphere), to anticipate potential communication issues.
• Alternative Technologies: Modern approaches utilize technologies that do not rely on traditional, centralized radio infrastructure. Mobile mesh networking, where each device acts as a relay station, creates a more resilient network with no single point of failure.
• GPS and Situational Apps: Firefighters use smartphones with downloaded maps and situational awareness applications (like ATAK) that use GPS, which functions independently of cellular networks, to maintain awareness of their location and the fire's movement even when voice communication is lost.
  

Amateur Radio and Wildfires 

Amateur radio is a crucial tool for communication during wildfires because it is independent of traditional infrastructure like cell towers and power grids, providing a reliable backup network. Amateur radio operators can provide vital information to emergency services and the public when other communication systems fail, report fires, coordinate logistics, and even assist in long-range communication for isolated communities. This independence makes them essential for public safety and personal communication in disaster situations. 

Benefits of ham radio for wildfire communication

• Infrastructure independence: Amateur radio does not rely on the cellular or power grids, so it remains functional even when they are down due to damage or overload.
• Reliable communication: Operators can communicate directly or use repeaters to extend range, enabling them to report fires, provide status updates, and request assistance.
• Emergency support: Trained ham radio operators can integrate with official emergency response efforts to provide communications support, as seen with programs like California's Provincial Emergency Radio Communications Service (PERCS).
• Long-range capability: With appropriate equipment and antennas, ham radios can facilitate long-distance communication, which is crucial for large-scale disasters or reaching remote areas.
• Sustained operation: Radios are designed for long-term use, making them ideal for extended emergencies where other devices may run out of power.

Examples in practice

• Reporting fires: An amateur radio operator used his radio to report a wildfire, and within minutes, emergency services were dispatched, a helicopter arrived, and firefighters extinguished the fire.
• Evacuation support: In the 2017 Mossel Bay Heiderand Fire, radio amateurs helped residents receive timely updates and evacuate safely, even as there houses were under threat.
• Official integration: HAMNET are officially incorporating amateur radio operators into their disaster plans, training volunteers and establishing radio stations to ensure communication continuity.

 Interesting reading:  Radio Propagation in Fire Environments

Important: Broadcasting of Amateur Radio News Bulletins and reporting in on a Sunday via the ZS Link Network

It has become necessary to provide more information on how the broadcasting of amateur radio Sunday news bulletins work and what you need to know. 

Please take note of the following:

1.  Sunday is quite a busy day with regards to bulletins.  
2.  At 08h00 the ZS Link Network connects to ZS0JPL in Pretoria.  Call-ins take place from Pretoria until 08h15.  The SARL National Afrikaans Bulletin starts at 08h15.  At 10h00 Amateur Radio Today starts with the relay of the SARL National English Bulletin and other interesting amateur radio inserts.  At 15h00 the Wireless Institute of Australia weekly news bulletin is broadcast.
   
3. If you are connected to the ZS Link Network or you access the Aasvoëlkop Repeater you will NOT be able to report in to any amateur radio news bulletin throughout the Sunday.  The ZS Link Network has been setup in receive only mode to prevent causing any interference, lock-ups or any repeater Ping-Ponging on any network to which the ZS Link Network is connected to.
4. Connecting to any other network even world wide is a privilege and causing any "interference" is not in line with the Amateur Radio Code of Conduct.
5. You might argue that you just want to report in before or after the bulletin. Well you certainly can by using Echolink or AllStar (DVSwitch) on your phone and then directly connect to ZS0JPL-R.  You will then be able to report in directly when the controller allocate a slot for Echolink call-in stations.
   
6. Another reason that receive only mode is used is that in the past many radio amateurs tried to report in via Echolink and AllStar using the ZS Link Network.  The VOIP latency prevented them being heard by the person doing the call-ins.   Latency can be up to 8 seconds and "quick draw stations" prevent call-ins being heard.
7. As can be seen there are many factors that play a roll and can cause "havoc" especially with so many stations trying to call-in during the 15 minute period.
8. The above must please not be seen as complaining.  The ZS Link Network Group believe in the best operating practices possible and would not like to be left red-face before, during or after the SARL National News Bulletins, In the past several network links has simply been disconnected when their systems caused "interference".

Well there you have it.  If you do hear other radio amateurs trying to report in to bulletins on a Sunday via the ZS Link Network, please tell them courteously why they will not be heard by the bulletin controller or refer them to this article on the ZS Link Network Blog.   

SARL HF National Field Day- and SARL VHF/UHF FM Mode Contest at Heuningklip, Saturday, 6 September 2025 Mossel Bay

 

On Saturday the 6 September 2025 a field station was established at Heuningklip near Herbertsdale by a few local radio amateurs that participated in the SARL National Field Day Contest as well as the SARL VHF/UHF FM Mode Contest.

The aim of the SARL National Field Day Contest was to work as many stations in Southern Africa as possible on all the HF amateur bands (excluding the 60, 30, 17 and 12 m bands). QSOs with stations outside the SADC region are also allowed. In doing so, to learn to operate in abnormal situations in less-than-optimal conditions. A premium is placed on developing skills to meet the challenges of emergency preparedness as well as to acquaint the public with the capabilities of Amateur Radio.

The aim of the SARL VHF/UHF FM Mode Contest was a test of operator ability and station design; to promote FM activity on the VHF/UHF bands; to encourage Amateurs to work greater distances than usual by operating Field Stations in favourable locations and by optimising equipment and operating techniques at both field and home stations and to provide opportunities for Amateurs to activate and work new grid squares.

An "HF, VHF/UHF field day contest" is a competitive amateur radio event where participants set up and operate radio stations away from their permanent home locations, using non-mains power, to simulate emergency preparedness and test portable operating skills. The contests encourage teamwork and outdoor adventure, with operations lasting typically 24 hours, and focus on making contacts with other portable stations over high-frequency (HF) and VHF/UHF radio bands.

The following radio amateurs were active from Heuningklip on the day:

1.  Jan ZS1CBS

2.  Danie ZS1DJ

3.  Jasper ZS1WT

4.  Jacobus ZS1JDJ

The weather on the day was great as can be seen from the images and videos.  This station was truly a field station away from any natural or man made noise and open in the veld in a beautiful area away from any concrete or man made structures.  Just four radio amateurs with their equipment and the beauty of mother nature all around them.  (see the video)

From all accounts everyone had a great time even on the VHF/UHF bands.  I heard along the "grape vine" that there are already plans for the next field day event.

Thank you to all the photographers for all the images and videos and for sharing you experience with us.  I trust that this event and the excitement that was experienced will motivate other radio amateurs to setup their own field station and experience the same excitement and pleasure that this group experienced.  There are more than enough contests on the yearly SARL calendar to join in on the fun.

Images:  Click on images for larger view.

The AMSAT SA and SARL Meteor Scatter Communication webinar recording is now available on YouTube

Video: AMSAT SA  (Click on image to view video.)

Have you ever imagined bouncing your signal off a shooting star? As radio amateurs, we don’t have to rely on satellites or repeaters to reach distant stations—sometimes, the natural phenomenon of meteors blazing through our atmosphere gives us the perfect reflector. This fascinating technique is called meteor scatter communication. 

The AMSAT SA and SARL Meteor Scatter Communication webinar recording is now available on YouTube by clicking HERE. The webinar was presented by AMSAT SA and the SARL to promote interest and participation in Meteor Scatter Communication. The presenter was Derek Gravett ZS5Y with guest participation of Frank Schneider ZS6GE. In the presentation, Derek Gravett, ZS5Y, explains how meteor scatter works, why MSK144 has become the preferred mode for modern radio amateurs, and the practical setup you need to start making your own “cosmic” contacts. Just imagine bouncing your signal off a shooting star. As radio amateurs, we don’t have to rely on satellites or repeaters to reach distant stations, sometimes, the natural phenomenon of meteors blazing through our atmosphere provides perfect reflection. This fascinating technique is known as meteor scatter communication.

MSK144 is part of the WSJT-X suite, developed by Nobel laureate Joe Taylor, K1JT. It uses fast, efficient minimum-shift keying to capture those fleeting bursts of reflected signals from meteor trails bursts that may last only fractions of a second. With this mode, VHF and UHF operators can achieve contacts of 500 to 2 000 kilometres or more, even when the bands seem completely dead.

- AMSAT SA & SARL

Why don't we broadcast Local Amateur Radio News Bulletins on the ZS-Link Network?

This question has been asked on the air a few times in the past.  It becomes cumbersome to now and again explain the reasons for not broadcasting local club bulletins on the ZS Link Network.  Therefor this post will explain the reasons why the broadcasting was discontinued.

Background:

In the past we did broadcast local news bulletins on the then GRHub Network, today known as the ZS Link Network.  The GRHub Network at the time was a very small network which allowed for broadcasting some local bulletins.  With the rapid expansion of the ZS Link Network it became necessary to decide whether it is feasible and practical to broadcast local bulletins on the ZS Link Network.  A decision was take by the admins of the ZS Link Network Group that no local bulletins will be broadcasted on the ZS Link Network.  Let's look at the reasons.

Reasons for not broadcasting local amateur radio news bulletins on the current ZS Link network:

1.   The rapid system expansion of the ZS Link Network resulted in a heavy workload on the equipment of the ZS Link Network Group and the administrators of other networks in South Africa.  The ZS Link Network is currently one of the largest networks in South Africa and carries heavy traffic at times.  Control, supervision and maintenance of the network repeaters, nodes, bridges etc. at all times is of the utmost importance to ensure the smooth functioning of the network.  The network consists of many other local and worldwide stations (see above image) which is linked to the ZS Link Network.  Administrators had to take the rapid expansion, size and workload on all the system into consideration.

2.  The ZS Link Network Group is not an amateur radio club and is not affiliated to any club or organization. The group however strive to maintain good relations with all clubs and organizations world wide. The group consist of radio amateurs with the same interest and  aspirations.   Many of the group members are however members of an amateur radio club/s by their own choice.  The ZS Link Network Group therefor has no obligation to any club or organization when it comes to the broadcast of local amateur radio news bulletins.  In the past we received several requests to broadcast club bulletins on behalf of a club.  For obvious reasons these requests were declined. These requests put the group in an awkward predicament due to the fact that at that stage club bulletins of two clubs were broadcasted on the network.  These two bulletin broadcasts stem from the small and old GRHub Network. To be fair and reasonable it was decided to stop broadcasting local club bulletins on the ZS Link Network and to inform the bulletin compilers accordingly.

3.  The ZS Link Network Group has therefor decided that it will only broadcast the following national amateur radio news bulletins:

• SARL Afrikaans National News Bulletin (08h15 - 08h30 SAST Sundays)
• Amateur Radio Today (10h00  - 11h00 SAST Sundays)
• WIA National News from Australia (15h00 - 15h30 SAST Sundays)
• Amateur Radio News Line (19h30 - 20h00 SAST Fridays)

4.  Many national and international amateur radio news bulletins are automated.  This means that the ZS Link Network System (computer) automatically downloads the audio file from a web-site, cut it up into time slots and then automatically plays it on the network at given time. This is surely the way to go and does the ZS Link Network make use of this helpful AllStar function.  No compiling, editing and live reading of a bulletin on the air.  The ZS Link Network prefer the automation of national and international amateur radio news bulletins as it works great and does not result in a heavy workload on especially RF systems, equipment on the network and administrators.

5.  Many large VOIP and RF Radio Networks has taken the decision not to broadcast any amateur radio news bulletins on their networks.  There are many reasons for this decision.  Some of these networks literally have 100's of systems including RF Repeaters connected together and it makes sense to not broadcast any club bulletins on such networks as a local club bulletin is meant for that specific club members and not for world wide broadcasting.  The ZS Link Network has therefor also taken the decision not to broadcast local club bulletins over the network.

6.  Many clubs have RF radio repeaters, HF radio and VOIP systems which they utilize to broadcast their local club news with.  If radio amateurs want to listen to a local club bulletin they can tune in or connect to such systems to listen to local news.  There is therefor no need for the ZS Link Network to broadcast such local bulletins on the ZS Link Network.

7.  Restructuring of the ZS Link Network in the Southern Cape.  Yes the dreaded word called restructuring, many hate to hear.  Unfortunately we do not live in the stone age and we as radio amateurs need to stay informed of the latest technology and experimenting.  Future changes to the ZS Link Network will be made and some will love it others will hate it.  Amateur Radio means to regularly engage in the activity, developing skills, experiment, learning new things, and finding enjoyment in the process.  Sometimes we need to restructure the ZS Link Network, if not we will stagnate and not move forward with the times.  Moving ahead is one reason why the ZS Link Network Group has become a vibrant group of radio amateurs.

The above surely explain the reasons why we discontinued the broadcasting of local amateur radio news bulletins on the ZS Link Network. 

General:

The ZS Link Network Group Admins would like to bring the following to the attention of readers and fellow radio amateurs:

• The ZS Link Network Group is not affiliated to the South African Radio League (SARL) as we are a group of radio amateurs and not a club.  However the group admins and many group members are SARL members and support the SARL in their vision, mission and activities.  We are Pro-SARL and believe that the SARL is the only national body for radio amateurs in this country.
• All necessary licenses to operate repeaters from a remote location as describe in the radio regulations were adhere to and was obtained in collaboration with the Western Cape Repeater Working Group (WCRWG),  SARL and ICASA.  Several of the ZS Link Network Group members are also members of the WCRWG. 
• The ZS Link Network Group is not a club nor is it affiliated with any. It is a platform built, maintained, and operated by individual operators, who utilize available capabilities to enhance the effectiveness of today’s amateur radio for the benefit and enjoyment of all radio
  amateurs and listeners.

Finally:

In conclusion, the Admins of the ZS Link Network Group would like to thank everyone and we mean everyone who makes a positive contribution to this successful group in South Africa. It is truly an experience to be part of the current "explosion" in activities related to the group and network. Any radio amateur from anywhere is invited to join us and become part of an active and dynamic group of radio amateurs. We look forward to welcoming you to the ZS Link Network Group even if you do not live in the Southern Cape area.

Afrikaanse vertaling:

Waarom saai ons nie plaaslike amateur radio nuus bulletins op die ZS-Link Netwerk uit nie?

Hierdie vraag is al 'n paar keer in die verlede op die lug gevra. Dit raak omslagtig om nou en dan die redes te verduidelik waarom plaaslike klub bulletins nie op die ZS Link Netwerk uitgesaai word nie. Daarom sal hierdie plasing die redes verduidelik waarom die uitsendings gestaak is.

Agtergrond:

In die verlede het ons wel plaaslike nuus bulletins uitgesaai op die destydse GRHub Netwerk, vandag bekend as die ZS Link Netwerk. Die GRHub Netwerk was destyds 'n baie klein netwerk wat die uitsending van sommige plaaslike bulletins moontlik gemaak het. Met die vinnige uitbreiding van die ZS Link Netwerk het dit nodig geword om te besluit of dit haalbaar en prakties is om plaaslike bulletins op die ZS Link Netwerk uit te saai. Die administrateurs van die ZS Link Netwerk Groep het 'n besluit geneem dat geen plaaslike bulletins op die ZS Link Netwerk uitgesaai sal word nie. Kom ons kyk na die redes.

Redes waarom plaaslike amateur radio nuus bulletins nie op die huidige ZS Link Netwerk uitgesaai word nie:

1. Die vinnige stelsel uitbreiding van die ZS Link Netwerk het 'n swaar werklas op die toerusting van die ZS Link Netwerk Groep en die administrateurs van ander netwerke in Suid-Afrika tot gevolg gehad. Die ZS Link Netwerk is tans een van die grootste netwerke in Suid-Afrika en dra soms swaar verkeer. Beheer, toesig en instandhouding van die netwerk RF radio herhalers, nodusse, brûe, ens. is te alle tye van die uiterste belang om die gladde funksionering van die netwerk te verseker. Die netwerk bestaan uit baie ander plaaslike en wêreldwye stasies (sien bostaande foto) wat aan die ZS Link Netwerk gekoppel is. Administrateurs moes die vinnige uitbreiding, grootte en werk las op die hele stelsel in ag neem.

2. Die ZS Link Netwerk Groep is nie 'n amateur radio klub nie en is nie geaffilieer met enige klub of organisasie nie. Die groep streef egter daarna om goeie verhoudings met alle klubs en organisasies wêreldwyd te handhaaf. Die groep bestaan uit radio amateurs met dieselfde belangstellings en aspirasies. Baie van die groep lede is egter lede van 'n amateur radio klub(s) uit eie keuse. Die ZS Link Netwerk Groep het dus geen verpligting teenoor enige klub of organisasie wat die uitsending van plaaslike amateur radio nuus bulletins betref nie. In die verlede het ons verskeie versoeke ontvang om klub bulletins namens 'n klub uit te saai. Om voor die hand liggende redes is hierdie versoeke van die hand gewys. Hierdie versoeke het die groep in 'n ongemaklike situasie geplaas omdat klub bulletins van twee klubs op daardie stadium op die netwerk uitgesaai is. Hierdie twee bulletin uitsendings spruit voort uit die klein en ou GRHub-netwerk soos reeds vermeld. Om billik en redelik te wees, is besluit om op te hou om plaaslike klub bulletins op die ZS Link Netwerk uit te saai en die bulletin samestellers dienooreenkomstig in te lig.

3. Die ZS Link Netwerk Groep het dus besluit dat die volgende internasionale en nasionale amateur radio nuus bulletins  uitgesaai sal word:

• SARL Afrikaanse Nasionale Nuus Bulletin (08:15 - 08:30 SAST Sondae)

• Amateur Radio Today (10:00 - 11:00 SAST Sondae)

• WIA Nasional News uit Australië (15:00 - 15:30 SAST Sondae)

• Amateur Radio Newsline (19:30 - 20:00 SAST Vrydae)

4. Baie nasionale en internasionale amateur radio nuus bulletins vind outomaties plaas. Dit beteken dat die ZS Link Netwerk Stelsel (rekenaar) outomaties die klank lêer van 'n webwerf aflaai, dit in tyd gleuwe opsny en dit dan outomaties op die netwerk op 'n gegewe tyd speel. Dit is sekerlik die pad om te volg en maak die ZS Link Netwerk gebruik van hierdie nuttige AllStar funksie. Geen samestelling, redigering en regstreekse voorlesing van 'n bulletin vind op die lug plaas nie. Die ZS Link Netwerk verkies die outomatisering van nasionale en internasionale amateur radio nuus bulletins, aangesien dit uitstekend werk en nie 'n swaar werklas op veral RF radio stelsels, toerusting op die netwerk en administrateurs tot gevolg het nie.

5. Baie groot VOIP- en RF radio netwerke het die besluit geneem om geen amateur radio nuus bulletins op hul netwerke uit te saai nie. Daar is baie redes vir hierdie besluit. Sommige van hierdie netwerke het letterlik honderde stelsels, insluitend RF-herhalers, wat aan mekaar gekoppel is, en dit maak sin om geen klub bulletins op sulke netwerke uit te saai nie, aangesien 'n plaaslike klub bulletin vir daardie spesifieke klub lede bedoel is en nie vir wêreldwye uitsending nie. Die ZS Link Netwerk het daarom die besluit geneem om nie plaaslike klub bulletins oor die netwerk uit te saai nie.

6. Baie klubs het RF- radio herhalers, HF-radios en VOIP-stelsels wat hulle gebruik om hul plaaslike klub nuus mee uit te saai. As radio amateurs na 'n plaaslike klub bulletin wil luister, kan hulle inskakel of aan sulke stelsels koppel om na plaaslike nuus te luister. Daar is dus geen nodigheid vir die ZS Link Netwerk om sulke plaaslike bulletins op die ZS Link Netwerk uit te saai nie.

7. Herstrukturering van die ZS Link Netwerk in die Suid-Kaap. Ja, die gevreesde woord genaamd herstrukturering, haat baie om van te hoor. Ongelukkig leef ons nie in die steentydperk nie en ons as radio amateurs moet op hoogte bly van die nuutste tegnologie dmv eksperimentering. Toekomstige veranderinge aan die ZS Link Netwerk sal aangebring word en sommige sal daarvan hou, ander sal nie daarvan hou nie. Amateur radio beteken om gereeld aan die aktiwiteit deel te neem, vaardighede te ontwikkel, te eksperimenteer, nuwe dinge te leer en genot in die proses te vind. Soms moet ons die ZS Link Netwerk herstruktureer, indien nie, sal ons stagneer en nie met die tyd vorentoe beweeg nie. Om vorentoe te beweeg is een rede waarom die ZS Link Netwerk Groep 'n dinamiese groep radio amateurs geword het.

Bogenoemde verduidelik sekerlik die redes waarom ons die uitsending van plaaslike amateur radio nuus bulletins op die ZS Link Netwerk gestaak het.

Algemeen:

Die ZS Link Netwerk Groep Administrateurs wil graag die volgende onder die aandag van lesers en mede radio amateurs bring:

• Die ZS Link Netwerk Groep is nie geaffilieer tot die Suid-Afrikaanse Radioliga (SARL) nie, aangesien ons 'n groep radio amateurs is en nie 'n klub nie. Die groep administrateurs en baie groep lede is egter SARL lede en ondersteun die SARL in hul visie, missie en aktiwiteite. Ons is Pro-SARL en glo dat die SARL die enigste nasionale liggaam vir radioamateurs in hierdie land is.

• Alle nodige lisensies om herhalers vanaf 'n afgeleë plek te bedryf soos beskryf in die radio regulasies, is nagekom en is verkry in samewerking met die Wes-Kaapse Herhaler Werk Groep (WKHWG), SARL en ICASA. Verskeie van die ZS Link Netwerk Groep lede is ook lede van die WKHWG.

• Die ZS Link Netwerk Groep is nie 'n klub nie en is ook nie geaffilieer met enigeen nie. Dit is 'n platform wat gebou, onderhou en bedryf word deur individuele operateurs, wat beskikbare vermoëns gebruik om die doeltreffendheid van vandag se amateur radio te verbeter tot voordeel en genot van alle radio amateurs en luisteraars.

Ten slotte wil die administrateurs van die ZS Link Netwerk Groep almal bedank, en ons bedoel almal wat 'n positiewe bydrae lewer tot hierdie suksesvolle groep in Suid-Afrika. Dit is werklik 'n ervaring om deel te wees van die huidige "ontploffing" in aktiwiteite wat verband hou met die groep en netwerk. Enige radio amateur van enige plek word genooi om by ons aan te sluit en deel te word van 'n aktiewe en dinamiese groep radio amateurs. Ons sien daarna uit om u by die ZS Link Netwerk Groep te verwelkom, selfs al woon u nie in die Suid-Kaap gebied nie.

Koos and Annie van der Merwe Gold Award bestowed on Johann Becker ZS1AAC

 Image:  Johann Becker ZS1AAC, Still Bay  (Click on image for larger view.)

During this years 2025 SARL National Convention the Koos and Annie van der Merwe Gold Award was bestowed on Johann Becker, ZS1AAC, a member of the Boland Amateur Radio Club as well as the ZS Link Network Group.  Johann is residing in Still Bay.

Information regarding the Koos and Annie van der Merwe Gold Award:

Awarded for meritorious service by a member or any other person to the Amateur Radio Service.

Recipients of this award since 2023:

2023

Susan Prinsloo
Jannie Minny ZS4JR

2024

 

Anne Bareham

Heather Holland ZS5YH

Boland ARC

Cape Town ARC

2025

Johan Becker ZS1AAC
Dave Reece ZS1DFR
Theunis Potgieter ZS2EC
Rudi Venter ZS2M
Corrie de Beer ZSCDB
Johann Bezuidenhout ZS1JBZ
Phillip van Tonder ZSPVT
Karel Bezuidenhout ZSWN

Koos and Annie van der Merwe were licenced in 1946 in Bloemfontein as ZS4AW and ZS4AZ.
Annie became the first licenced woman in the Free State and the founding secretary of the Bloemfontein Branch of the SARL in 1946.

In Cape Town, Koos and Annie became ZS1AW and ZS1AZ. They managed aspects of the SARL’s day-to-day operations in Cape Town from at least 1958 to 1989, when the League headquarters were transferred to Johannesburg.

Koos was the SARL Awards Manager from approximately 1950 to 1989. They were both instrumental in the League’s two primary operating awards, Worked All ZS and All Africa Award.

At least during the early 1980s, Koos and Annie handled all aspects of administration for the SARL, commuting at their own expense and working free of charge. They maintained membership records on index cards and labelled and mailed RadioZS, the League magazine. They sorted QSL cards for the bureau. They compiled and circulated the weekly SARL bulletins and organised routine SARL meetings. The also assisted SARL branches with the Annual General Meeting.

They both received the Jack Twine merit award in the early Sixties. Annie received the SARL’s Willy Wilson Gold Badge in 1965, with Koos following suit in 1972. They were both Honorary Life Members of the SARL until their respective deaths in Cape Town in the early 1990s.
Refer to section 28.5.1 of the Constitution and Rules of the SARL for further details. 

Image:  Click on image for larger view.  (Certificate of Johann's award second from right.)

At the Boland Amateur Radio Club Meeting held on the 26 July 2025 the following radio amateurs received their SARL awards:

• Le Roux van Zyl – SARL Certificate of Recognition - For his participation in the ZS9YOTA activities in 2024.

• Rassie ZS1YT – Ted Baker Rally Cup for his contribution to motorsport rallies.

• Raoul ZS1C – The Silent Keys Memorial Trofee CW - For achieving the highest score during the annual HF CW contest

• Raoul ZS1C –  Koos and Annie vd Merwe Platinum Award - For his excellent and all-round CW activities

• Johann ZS1AAC – Koos and Annie vd Merwe Gold Award - For his work on the VHF Repeater System in the Southern and Western Cape as well as running the RAE Center at Still Bay.

• Jacques ZS1WC – The Silent Keys Memorial Trofee SSB - For achieving the highest score during the annual HF Phone Contest.

Unfortunately Johann ZS1AAC was not able to receive the award in person.  He will however receive the award at a later stage.

Congratulations to you Johann and all the other recipients with their well deserved SARL award/s.