Wednesday, November 17, 2021

New Functions/Enhancements added to the GRHub Network, Mossel Bay


  The following functions/enhancements were added to the GRHub Network today:

  • FAMO = Mossel Bay Air Field Weather Conditions/Data added to Supermon on node 49355.  The enhancement can be view HERE. (The weather data is updated every 10 Minutes.)  This data will also be added to node 46765.
  • Telemetry Audio Levels were adjusted to increase the audio level for local announcements.   The Overall increase in telemetry level were set.  The telemetry level with signal was left at -9 default.
  • The refresh time on Supermon was adjusted to refresh the time displayed on the screen.  This is necessary to update the CPU and Weather.  The normal node updates which are immediate are not effected by this. Refresh rate is now 10 minutes.
  • The following functions were check to ensure they function correctly.  ASL database - astdb, Hardware Identification, Node Registration Status and finally test + view IP Address information of nodes connected to the GRHub Network.  Should someone cause interference or any server on the GRHub Network I can find his IP address and port from any other online server.
  • The DTMF Function List for node 49355 was enhanced with new DTMF functions.  Tests were carried out to ensure that all the current and new functions were operational.  This now enhance the capabilities to switch functions via a DTMF VHF/UHF Radio in reach of the 145.550 Mhz RF Simplex Link.  It also gives me the ability to use these functions on my cellphone from anywhere in South Africa or even the World.

Future Enhancement:

I will add a Halt Button to all my nodes currently and future.  I will then be able to throw the "Big Switch" anytime there is a problem and this will  safely shutdown the Raspberry Pi whose halt button has been activated.   Just removing power or improper shutdown will eventually corrupt the SD Card Image and for those who do not know it does not take a few minutes to install and setup an AllStar Node.

Only a few functions/enhancements were added but the above will surely assist in good functionality of the GRHub Network and RF Links.

Tuesday, November 16, 2021

You operate and unlawful Radio Beacon on 80 Meters!! Please switch it off immediately. (Part 2)


This article describes a simple programmable Morse Code Continuous Wave (CW) beacon keyer for HF, VHF, ARDF and TRACKING beacons that can be built for less than R100.00. Simplicity is the name of the game here. I  originally designed this beacon  keyer to use with my 80 Meter Beacon project but since then the keyer has found its way into many other useful projects.  


Circuit description

When I designed this beacon keyer I wanted a keyer that was easy to operate with the minimal component count.  I was interested to come up with a design using no more than 8 components. The end result a keyer with only 5 components and if you really want you can get away with only 3 components.  I was also looking for a keyer that could run of a 3 volt battery.  A lithium 3V battery (CR2430) is ideal for the purpose and can supply the PIC with power for several weeks if not months. (Red and Black wires) Note how small the keyer really is.   If you are really pressed for space you can trim the PCB even further to suite your needs.


 

The PIC12F675 micro controller was chosen for this project since it is a very versatile controller with the necessary amount of on-chip memory resources. This PIC is really a PICADILLY - "A dilly of a wee PIC".   I have been using this PIC for the past three years and have learned a lot about this PIC and its functions.

As mentioned before it is very versatile.  Some of the futures include:

  • 1024 x 14 bit words of programming memory

  • 64 x 8 bytes of data memory

  • 128 x 8 bytes of EEPROM data memory

  • A built-in RC oscillator operating at 4 Mhz (No resonator or crystal required)

  • 5 ports that can be either inputs or outputs

  • 1 port that can be an input or the MCLR (master clear pin)

  • 4 ports can be used as Analog to Digital Converters (ADC's)

  • ADC reference voltage can be set or the supply voltage used

  • Operates from 2.0 to 5.5 VDC with a low current - very low SLEEP current

  • Each port can sink/source 25mA up to a total of 125 mA

  • Individual programmable weak pull-up resistors for each port

 When programmed with the Beacon Keyer firmware, the PIC12F675 performs all of the "smarts" from the internal EEPROM, then convert the stored message to Morse Code and key it out. However I choose the "KISS" concept in this version.  I only use one output (Pin 7 ) of the PIC12F675 to drive the
buffer transistor (2N2222)  via R1(10K) and to indicate visual operation through D1(Red LED). R2 (1K) act as a load resistor for D1.  Remember that you must not overdrive the port.  The PIC is not capable of directly keying a transmitter and therefor requires a transistor buffer between the keyer chip and the transmitter. The 2N2222 transistor is used for positive keying to the transmitter.. (Green and Black wires) 

Chip Programming

Programming the firmware into micro controller flash memory is a one time procedure. The PIC12F675 micro controller must be programmed by a suitable PIC-Programmer.  


 
Beacon Keyer Features

  • Compact and KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid)design

  • Minimal component count

  • Dot Timing and Dot/Dash Spacing options

  • Dash Generator and Letter Spacing options

  • 25 CW character beacon message (Including callsign)

  • Keyer speed range:  8 - 14 WPM

  • Tone 700 Hertz

  • Keying mode:  CW

  • Power requirement:  3V - 5V Max!!  (See SIMPLE 5V VOLTAGE REGULATOR PROJECT)

  • Message example:  DE ZS1I BEACON KF15BT

If you connect power to the keyer (Red +5V, Black -0V) and the TO TX (green) and -0V (black) wires to the keying lines of your transmitter the beacon will begin keying out the message in a continuous loop.

Finally:  This was a great experimental project.  I learned so much about PICS and writing of the beacon firmware.  Today the PIC used in this project is obsolete but with the Arduino Nano you can open up a complete new world in Beacon- and other Keyers.  Somewhere in my project box lies a Arduino Nano that I used to build an automatic morse code keyer.  Maybe one day I will run into it and fire it up to see if it still works.

 

 



Monday, November 15, 2021

You operate and unlawful Radio Beacon on 80 Meters!! Please switch it off immediately. (Part 1)


Wow the title say it all.  No I am not going to rant about me being instructed to switch off my then beacon on 80 meters.  At the end of the article I will come back to the title of this article.  I will also give reasons why I constructed this beacon on 80m. (At the time there was already a beacon on 40m.)

Here follows the history of the "unlawful" radio beacon on 80 Meters. 

The ZS1I 80 Meter Beacon was operational from 22 August 2007 - 1 September 2008.

PARTICULARS:

Frequency: 3580 Mhz LSB
Mode: CW
Power: 350mW
Antenna: 40/80 Meter Rally Trap
Grid: KF15BT
Message: DE ZS1I BEACON KF15BT
Keyer: ZS1I BEACON KEYER (New project using a PIC12F675)
Location:  Mossel Bay, South Africa.

INTRODUCTION:

I never had any intention to construct or operate an 80 Meter Beacon.
This project started in April 2007 by co-incidence when I read an article about a QRP Transmitter and PIC Keyer, which are successfully used to operate a beacon. The construction of the transmitter was however not the challenge as various QRP transmitter projects can be found in abundance on the Internet. I was curious to find out how to key the transmitter with a PIC. Various searches on the net revealed PIC16F84 Keyers with hex code and in some instances the source code for the project. This was not what I was looking for. I wanted a PIC Keyer that uses a minimal component count. As I had some PIC12F675's spare the choice fell on this PIC. Very little information could be found and I decided to write my own program with the available information that I had on hand. This was a real challenge as my knowledge op writing a source file is very limited. However I learned quite a bit about this particular PIC when I played around with the UHF TRACKING TRANSMITTER.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:

I intend not to go into to much detail, as this will make the article to long. MPLAB was used to compile the source, hex and project files. I ran into several problems with many errors that had to be cleared before I got a 100% success rate in compiling the hex file. This was no guarantee that the keyer would key the transmitter, as I would find out once I got everything rigged up. With the programming done it was now off to the breadboard to setup the PIC and to listen if the “message” is correct. I  rigged the board and was ready to test the “ZS1I BEACON KEYER”. Switching on I discovered that the audio was “wiggly” and that the PIC did not repeat the message. The CW speed was also too slow. Back to the start again and after a day or two I was again ready for a second test. Remember I did not use an inline programmer and had to start from the beginning again. Well “ NO PAIN NO GAIN”. The second trial resulted in the correct speed and audio, but no looping of the message, although I did include the loop message in the program. Patience…. Patience and Patience! Back to the start again. But how do I find the problem? Getting up one morning around 04.00, I found the problem in that I specified a wrong command in the loop function. Testing the PIC showed that all seem 100% but I forgot about “Murphy”.

With the PIC running “100%” it was time to build the transmitter. I looked at a few QRP designs and finally decided on a transmitter, which was developed by Wes Hayward – W7ZOI. It is called: “THE LITTLE JOE”. With the help of John ZS6HK and Hannes ZS6LW, I obtained the article and diagrams for “The Little Joe”. Making the PCB and digging out the components from my junk box, I was able to put the transmitter together within a week. 

TESTING AND FAILURES:

Test revealed that the transmitter worked flawlessly and that it was “narrow minded”, just what I was looking for.  The transmitter delivered a full 500mW of RF Power to the antenna while keying the TX with a straight key. I needed a small power supply to power the now ZS1I PIC KEYER. I constructed the power supply unit and was now ready to rig the three units together to hopefully have an 80 Meter Beacon. This is now were “Murphy” showed up to confront me with all sorts of small but irritating problems. With every unit rigged up on a temporary board it was time to do the real test. The switch was thrown, the keyer respond but no audio or RF out.

Great disappointment, but the challenge remains. Back to the basics. A LED with a resistor in series showed that the PIC and power supply are working. Just to make sure I used a piezo buzzer at the output pin to listen to the audio. This test was also successful.

Was the problem with the transmitter? I was not sure about this theory at all as the transmitter was working 100% when using the straight key. Just to make sure I connected the key and receiver up again with the very same result that the transmitter is working 100%. Remember I had no guarantee or information that this setup would work with the keyer that I built let alone the constructing of a beacon from these units. I tried several ideas to get all the units to talk to each other. The end result was that two PIC12F675’s were send to the dustbin. A PCB track turned to a small ball of copper and the well-known smell occupied the workbench. The call it the magic smoke. Give up……No …. No!! This is not about giving up but rather about finding a solution and get the thing to work. Difficult if you live in an area where you are currently the only radio amateur experimenting with PIC’s and QRP transmitters.

Back to the early morning faultfinding session at 04.00. Do you also find those days when everything just seem to go wrong, no matter what you try. Don’t worry you are definitely not alone. Stupidity is not limited to just certain people in life. When I tested the beacon on the breadboard, I used an admission transistor to do the switching although the transmitter had its own switching transistor. After the tests I decided not to use the additional transistor at the output of the PIC. My stupid reason being that the transistor on the TX will be used to do just that. 

Well I found out the hard way that this is not how it is suppose to work. The early morning coffee session brought some clarity to my “hard drive”. After installing the transistor and limiting resistor it was back to the smoke-test. Low and behold the beacon was now fully functional. What caused the two PIC’s to go up in smoke? My humble opinion resulted in the following theory. The TX uses positive keying with 12 volt coming through on the line towards the PIC. So every time that you key the PIC 12 volt is going into the output of the PIC and that causes all the nasty smoke to come out of the PIC and the PCB track of the transmitter. Wow some have to learn the hard way in life, but what is life without a smoke or two?

FINALLY:

The end result was the sweet music of morse code coming from a project that emanated from a thought and the shear curiosity to construct something that might be useful.

Even if I had to take the beacon off the air, I achieved and learned something worthwhile that nobody can ever take away from me. I would like to share this article and info with fellow homebrewers to encourage them to keep those soldering irons smoking. 

Never ever give up on any project. Even if it goes up in smoke several times. Build on your dreams even if this means that you must get up at 04.00 in the morning.  Ensure that you are on the right side of the law and that you adhere to the Amateur Radio Code!

Isn’t this what amateur radio is all about?

Experimenting and Developing our skills as Radio Amateurs!!

PS.
  I experimented in using different antennas for the beacon.  I still have my notes on this hopefully somewhere amongst my amateur radio records.  I will not go into detail here about all the experiments I conducted around the beacon as space will not allow it.  This was a great experimental project that lasted for more than a year before I took the beacon willingly off the air without further instruction to do so.  I thank all those radio amateurs that assisted me in providing with reception- or other reports. 

Now was this beacon unlawful on 80 Meters.  At the time I could not find any regulation or directive that beacons are not allowed on the 80 Meter band.  I  challenged the then councillor to go ahead with his threats.  Nothing happened and I concluded my experiments without further "bullying".  Thankfully the then councillor is for many years no longer a member of the SARL Council.

I would advise radio amateurs today not to operate a Radio Beacon on 80 Meters.  I know that there is now a directive that beacons is not allowed on 80 Meters.  Contact the relevant SARL Councillor (thankfully not the one that threatened me) for more information in this regard and before operating any radio beacon on the spectrum.

No why this article?  It should be clear that this article is about experimenting one of the corner stones of amateur radio.  This is not about bashing or digging up old cows out of the grave. (no such expression well there is one now.)  This article was posted with the sole intention to encourage radio amateurs to experiment more with various aspects of amateur radio.  I experienced many hurtles and even threats that I had to overcome.  I did overcome them all.  You can also do it. 

No I have no electronic background of any kind only a legal background and that does not help me in any way.  All it takes is the will to learn, read and build. Come on take up that soldering iron and learn from your mistakes but the most important aspect is to share your findings with other radio amateurs as I am now doing.  Hopefully this will encourage others in this regard.

Images:








 

Sunday, November 14, 2021

Massive Telkom Internet Outage effects certain GRHub Network activities for up to 48 hours


 A large scale Telkom Internet Outage effected certain GRHub Network activities for up to 48 hours.  Need I say anything more?  I hear many a radio amateur shout, "It is the Internet what do you expect?  RF Radio is King with no outages.  I am not going to debate the issue, as everyone has his own opinion in this regard. Well this outage was a blessing in disguise for the GRHub Network's administrator.  I learned a lot from this outage.

 No the GRHub Network was not completely dead.  It was still connected to the ZL HUB - New Zealand and M0HOY UK Allstar Hub via AllStar and not Echolink.  From time to time when the Internet was not intermittent both these HUBS  were active for short periods.  The RF 145.550 Mhz Simplex Link was also active.  It is important to have a back-up network available should there be an Internet outage.  

Unfortunately Echolink will not function but all the AllStar nodes and the 145.550 Mhz Simplex RF Link will still be operational even during Internet Outages.  Now I hear you say but why do you not use MTN or Vodacom as Internet Back-Up.  As far as can be established both these providers do not provide "Unrestricted" port access anymore.  The only one's left is Telkom and Rain but unfortunately Rain does not have any coverage in the Mossel Bay area.  I hear you say why don't you use Fiber Internet.  I do have Fiber Internet but experienced so many problems in the past with intermittent connections and an extra monthly amount payable to open the ports, I decided that it is not worth it to go that route.  Why should I pay to open ports if I already pay a monthly Internet fee.  Ya it's business!! Well if the service is excellent then I do not mind to pay extra but as said before fiber in my area absolutely sucks!  It surely is a "froggy" service on a bad "foot".

I do plan to install a local backup network in the event that the Internet crashes.Yes and it is not a commercial network but an AREDN network which was developed by radio amateurs for radio amateurs.  You can incorporate AllStar to AREDN as well as commercial Internet.  Now in the event of a Internet failure you still have a system that will operate much like the Internet.  If I would like to extend the coverage of AREDN to other parts of the country then I can use Winlink when there is no Internet.  More on this in a future posting.

For now I will get AREDN up and running.  I already have a fully setup system that I ran a few years ago that proved to be very efficient during the 2016 Knysna Fires.  I do not want to jump around, but work on one system, get it up and working properly before moving onto other GRHUB Network "extensions".  I am currently very happy with the GRHub Network setup but will soon make a few changes to enhance the network even further.  One must remember that it take time to implement new futures especially if you run a Linux system.  

Finally:  What did I learn from this outage?

  1.  Be more prepared for Power and Internet Outages.
  2. You must have a few back-up systems in place that can give you the same functions as before.  No, amateur radio will not give you all the functions you have as before, but you will hopefully be able to contact the outside world in the event of a major disaster like an earthquake or natural disaster. 
  3. The GRHub Network is not an emergency communications network but can eventually be used in the event of an emergency or disaster.  However this is not the prime function of the GRHub Network.
  4. The GRHub Network is not 100% perfect or fail-safe but it works as intended.
  5. That no matter how much you complain, nothing will be solved by complaining and that you and you alone will be responsible to limit outage functionality and  "damages".  Never rely on any Network- or Service Provider to solve your problems.
  6. Do not rely on any time schedules provided for anything.  Time is irrelevant in the new South Africa and schedules can change without prior notification.  I learned to work with the worst scenario and no I am not a negative individual but rather a realistic person. 
  7. Backup...Backup....Backup!!  Always have a backup AllStar image available in the event that the current one goes corrupt.

What does the future hold for the GRHub Network?  I see an interesting, technological, experimental future for the GRHub Network.  I have many ideas and plans spinning around my flat head all the time.  The only factor that might be constraining the future is the lack of resources and money.  Yes every single piece of equipment comes out of my pocket as and when I find a few pennies.  Let see what happens in the next 6 months!  I cannot wait and is looking forward to the future of the GRHub in  and even outside South Africa.

Annual Remembrance Day Service 14 November 2021 at 10:00 CAT


 

The annual Remembrance Day service will be relayed on the GRHub Network starting at 10:00 CAT this morning. The service will be conducted by the Reverend Jan Kramer, ZS6JRK. The service commemorates all those who lost their lives in support of their country. We request radio amateurs to observe radio silence radio between 10:00 and 10:15 CAT this morning as a mark of respect.

Friday, November 12, 2021

I am no prophet of doom!!

I am no prophet of doom but we need to be prepared for any eventuality in this country.  A lot of rumors and I do not read or listen to them.  I have said it before and will say it again.  We are not moving forward with power generation in South Africa.  Instead we going back-wards at an alarming rate!!  Load-shedding is now the worst ever that we experienced in this country.  During the recent Stage 4 load-shedding,  we decided to put the diesel generator into operation early evenings.  I have the privilege that my son who is a qualified electrician currently lives with us.  I hear many shout that you going to pay through your neck  for diesel.  The generator has run every time when there was stage 4 load-shedding.  I could not believe how light on diesel this specific 5.5 kW generator is.  Normally generators are fuel guzzlers.  I will keep track of the hours and diesel used.  My son is of the opinion that it looks like it might be cheaper to run the generator than using Eskom power.  I doubt this but time will tell.   I do not enjoy generators at all.  They noisy and the smell of fumes hangs in the air.  Generators are also great polluters and I am sure my neighbors does not enjoy the noise factor of a generator.  The generator will not run every-time there is load-shedding but only to keep it ready when it is really needed.  I am still working on two solar inverter power generators which will be used during short power outages.  Luckily I bought the two inverters way back when load-shedding started the first time.  I am sure it is going to become more difficult to find inverters and batteries as the demand sky-rocketed in the past few weeks.  Not only the demand but also the prices.  I feel for those who snoozed and now want to setup a power system.  You going to need a fat wallet full of red notes to buy the necessary equipment now.   Updates to follow.





Thursday, November 11, 2021

Special Remembrance Day Broadcast 11 November via the GRHub Network, Mossel Bay

 


IS IT NOTHING TO YOU? LEST WE FORGET

On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month.

(IN MEMORY OF SOLDIERS AND RADIO OPERATORS WHO DIED IN WAR)

 

Audio version of the Special Remembrance Day Broadcast available HERE

 

INTRODUCTION

Remembrance Day is always held on the 11 November. This is the day that World War One ended in 1918, when the armistice was signed in Compiegne, Northern France, at 5am. Six hours later, the fighting stopped, and to commemorate this there is a two-minute silence at 11 am, every 11 November. Many countries have a special day to remember those that fell in their wars; America has Veterans Day, while France has Armistice Day. South Africa commemorate those who fought in wars for

their country. The nearest Sunday to the 11 th is called Remembrance Sunday, when church services are held in honour of those who were involved in wars, and wreaths are laid on the memorials which have a place in many towns in South Africa. Many two-minute silences are followed by a lone bugler playing The Last Post, reminiscent of times of war when trumpets were as much a part of battle as Bayonets.

A poem called ‘For the Fallen’ is often read aloud on the occasion; the most famous stanza of which reads:


They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old:

Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.

At the going down of the sun and in the morning

We will remember them.


These words can be found adorning many war memorials across the world. The author, Laurence Binyan, was never a soldier but certainly appreciated the horrors of war.


COMMEMORATING FALLEN SOLDIERS

Australia, New Zealand and South Africa fielded all volunteer forces and usually got put into situations everyone else could not manage. Often without the right weaponry or support. In the Second World War, the South Africans lost an entire Division at Tobruk, after being sent in to relieve the Australian Division without anti-tank weapons and without ammunition for what they did have. It was actually a big administrative error - the weapons were available, but someone in Cairo had not signed the paperwork to allow it to be sent to the front. Rommel certainly found that a useful omission when he attacked. Even so, the South Africans held out a lot longer than anyone thought possible.

The Menin “gate” at Ypres, Belgium is a memorial to the fallen of the First World War and is inscribed with the names of those who died on this salient but whose bodies were destroyed, lost or never found. Numbers of South African and New Zealand names were recorded on it. This salient includes the area known as Paschendal, a small village that was wiped from the face of he earth during the fighting. The slaughter in this conflict was horrendous on all sides. The list of names on memorials, where you can see, included fathers, brothers and sons, all listed as killed.

THE HISTORY

'The two minutes' silence to commemorate the first anniversary of the ceasefire of 11 o'clock on 11 November 1918 was almost as much of a surprise to the general public as the ceasefire itself had been. The decision to mark the first anniversary of the Armistice with a silent pause in the life of the nation was taken very close to the anniversary itself. The origins of the silence can be found in a minute dated 4 November 1919, submitted to Lord Milner for the consideration of the War Cabinet by Sir Percy Fitzpatrick, former British High Commissioner to the Dominion of South Africa, His son had been killed in France in 1917.

He wrote:

'In the hearts of our people there is a real desire to find some lasting expression of their feeling for those who gave their lives in the war. They want something done now while the memories of sacrifice are in the minds of all; for there is the dread - too well grounded in experience - that those who have gone will not always

be first in the thoughts of all, and that when the fruits of their sacrifice become our daily bread, there will be few occasions to remind us of what we realize so clearly today. During the War, we in South Africa observed what we called the "Three minutes' pause " At noon each day, all work, all talk and all movement were suspended for three minutes that we might concentrate as one in thinking of those - the living and the dead - who had pledged and given themselves for all that we believe in…

Silence, complete and arresting, closed upon the city - the moving, awe-inspiring silence of a great Cathedral where the smallest sound must seem a sacrilege… Only those who have felt it can understand the over mastering effect in action and reaction of a multitude moved suddenly to one thought and one purpose.'

The War Cabinet discussed Fitzpatrick's proposal on 5 November and approved a 'Service of Silence' on Armistice Day. The only amendment the Cabinet made was to amend the duration to one minute, - subject to approval from the King. The King altered the duration of the silence to two minutes. Milner then arranged for the release of the finalized draft to the Dominions and the press.

It was carried by all national newspapers on 7 November 1919:

'Tuesday next, November 11, is the first anniversary of the Armistice, which stayed the world wide carnage of the four preceding years and marked the victory of Right and Freedom. I believe that my people in every part of the Empire fervently wish to perpetuate the memory of the Great Deliverance, and of those who have laid down their lives to achieve it. To afford an opportunity for the universal expression of this feeling, it is my desire and hope that at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, there may be for the brief space of two minutes a complete suspension of our normal activities. No elaborate organization appears to be required. At a given signal, which can easily be arranged to suit the circumstances of the locality, I believe that we shall gladly interrupt our business and pleasure, whatever it may be and unite in this simple service of Silence and Remembrance'. The silence was well observed and a tradition had been established. 


Remembrance Day is also known as Poppy Day..

The poppies are worn because in World War One the Western Front contained in the soil thousands of poppy seeds, all lying dormant. They would have lain there for years more, but the battles being fought there churned up the soil so much that the poppies bloomed like never before. The most famous bloom of poppies in the war

was in Ypres, a town in Flanders, Belgium, which was crucial to the Allied defence. There were three battles there, but it was the second, which was calamitous to the allies since it heralded the first use of the new chlorine gas the Germans were experimenting with, which brought forth the poppies in greatest abundance, and inspired the Canadian soldier, Major John McCrae, to write his most famous poem. This, in turn, inspired the British Legion to adopt the poppy as their emblem.


In Flanders Fields

In Flanders fields the poppies blow

Between the crosses, row on row

That mark our place; and in the sky

The larks, still bravely singing, fly

Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days ago

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,

Loved and were loved, and now we lie

In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:

To you from failing hands we throw

The torch; be yours to hold it high.

If ye break faith with us who die

We shall not sleep, though poppies grow

In Flanders fields.

 

Doctor Major John McCrae wrote this poem on May 3, 1915 after the battle at Ypres.

MaCrae’s “In Flanders Fields” remains to this day one of the most memorable war poems ever written. It is a lasting legacy of the terrible battle in the Ypres salient in the spring of 1915.

THE LAST POST

The Last Post is one of a number of bugle calls in military tradition which mark the phases of the day. Where "Reveille" signalled the start of a soldier's day, the "Last Post" signalled its end. It is believed originally to have been part of a more elaborate routine, known in the British Army as "tattoo", that had its origins in the 17th

century. "Last Post" was incorporated into funeral and memorial services as a final farewell and symbolizes that the duty of the dead is over and that they can rest in peace.


THE WORDS TO THE LAST POST


Come home! Come home! The last post is sounding

for you to hear. All good soldiers know very well there

is nothing to fear while they do what is right, and forget

all the worries they have met in their duties through the

year. A soldier cannot always be great, but he can be a

gentleman and he can be a right good pal to his comrades in

his squad. So all you soldiers listen to this – Deal fair by all

and you’ll never be amiss.

Be Brave! Be Just! Be Honest and True Men!

 

FINALLY


“REMEMBER THE DEAD; DON’T FORGET THE LIVING.”………..“WE SHALL REMEMBER THEM; LEST WE FORGET!”

 

The Last Post - Bugel Call played over the air ( Courtesy: Music Files Limited)

Listen HERE. 

 

NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS BROADCAST VIA THE GRHUB NETWORK ON THURSDAY 11 NOVEMBER 2021, 11H00 ON   ECHOLINK, ALLSTAR, VARIOUS REPEATERS, NETWORKS AND ON 145.550 MHZ SIMPLEX IN MOSSELBAY TO COMMEMORATE FALLEN SOLDIERS AS WELL AS RADIO OPERATORS WHO DIED IN VARIOUS WARS. 


LETS NOT FORGET THOSE WHO PAID THE HIGHEST PRICE.


Compiled by Johan ZS1I

November 2004

Source: Several Articles

DIY Mobile J-Pole Antenna - Unusual Feed

 Found this antenna diagram some time ago.  Yes, a Mobile J-Pole Antenna.  Going to try a 2m and 70 cm version.  Seeing that I every-time lose out on a Diamond N770 Antenna when it is up for sale.  Even tried to buy a new one from an amateur dealer but when I wanted to make a EFT payment he did not answer my email.  Will not deal with him in future!!  If you cannot answer an email then I am not interested in buying anything from you.  I could have phoned him but prefer email.  After all it is a business transaction!

Wednesday, November 10, 2021

Getting Involved "Alas, all too many hams prefer to remain fat, dumb, and happy."


                                                       Image:  Wayne Green W2NSD (SK)

As a communications and technology expert, you should consider becoming involved in local activities. Business people, educators, politicians, and even your local bureaucrats are beginning to recognize that the information age is dawning on America and they'd better damn well get aboard or they're going to be left behind by the rest of the world.

They've been hearing John Scully, now the chairman of Apple, talk about the information highway of the future, while all most people can see right now is more like a cow path. They see that Singapore is setting about installing fiber optic cable into every home and business in the country.

In France, every home has an on-line computer connected to a national data base. We've been seeing the changes in our own lives as our ham repeaters have turned into cellular telephone systems. We've seen facsimile explode.

Those of you who are awake have seen pocket communicators which handle voice and fax. We've seen national paging systems grow. As a radio amateur, naturally you're expected by your neighbors to be an expert on communications and technology. Thus. when a few local politicians start getting concerned over the general ignorance of these highly technical matters, naturally they're going to turn to you for advice on how to get your county or state more tuned in with the future. Business people must find out how to take advantage of this technology and not be left behind by other parts of the country. ..or other countries. Schools must start turning out workers familiar with information and communications technology. How prepared are you for this? How much do you know about what's available right now in technology, much less what's developing? Are you still sitting there, happily clacking away with your beloved old hand key, while the world is going to digital voice communications? And probably using spread-spectrum?

While we're communicating at 5 wpm by code, the world is moving to digital communications because digital radio provides about three times the coverage with a hundredth of the power. Further, it's easy to put 10 to 20 people all on one channel without mutual interference. Heck, they can even talk with each other, just as we do on the telephone. And, by using satellites in the link, the 10 to 20 people can be in 10 to 20 different countries. Yes, we could do all this via amateur radio, if we had anyone pioneering new technologies in our fraternity. Alas, all too many hams prefer to remain fat, dumb, and happy. Coops, make that fat, dumb, and unhappy. ..because they're forever grousing and kvetching on the air about things. Those damned no-coders. The rotten CBers. Lousy phone patches. Stinking pile-ups. Miserable contests crapping up the bands. That fathead and his little band of degenerates puking their venom on 14,313. The endless self promotion broadcasts by an internationally famous ego case on 14,275.

And worst, that awful Wayne Green! How can someone who sounds so nice on the air write such abrasive baloney?

I digress. My aim was to stir some deep feelings of guilt for the way you've wasted your ham life on inconsequentials. Well-deserved guilt. You've been skimming the cream and not paying your dues. That's pure American. ..get the most you can for the least effort. Never mind the hard work. ..a concept we left behind back in the 1950s. That's something those lousy, rotten immigrants do when they sneak into our country and become successful, while we're gradually losing our quality of life. Is change possible? Or are you too solidly inculcated with the baby-boom rationale? Are you too involved with TV, a little rag-chewing on the air, a rented movie once or twice a week. ball games, maybe some bowling? If I some way could find some people to write articles on new technologies that were written in a language you could understand, would you take the time to read 'em? let me grind that one in a little harder. If I could get such articles and publish 'em, would you allocate a half hour or so at club meetings to discuss 'em? Okay, that's going too far. Maybe I should continue to publish feel-good articles and stop poking you with a stick. When I point out that I'm not asking anyone to do something I haven't done myself, I get angry stares. Egotistical braggart. When I point out that it's exciting to get up on a mountain and make 10 GHz contacts with seven states. ..and that the equipment it takes is inexpensive and easy to build ...I get shifty glances. I had a ball pioneering ATTY. Ditto SSTV. Ditto

SSB. Ditto NBFM. It was fun leaming. It was even more fun doing. And here we are in 1993 and there are more incredibly exciting horizons for us than ever before. Meanwhile, most hams seem to be looking backwards. looking back fondly at Morse code. The communications medium of the 1920s and 1930s. Looking back lovingly at our archaic license structure, which is collapsing around us. Our national society is a radio relay league, aptly named when relaying was the only way to cover much distance by radio...around 80 years ago. Bummer.

Read more about the author at:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Green

"You may have loved Wayne Green ... you may have hated him ... but you have to admit he had vision"

 


Wayne Green W2NSD (SK)

73 Amateur Radio Today

October 1993

 

Ed.  I found this article a few years ago.  Just as relevant today as 28 years ago? 

 

Special Remembrance Day Broadcast 11 November via the GRHub Network


Special Remembrance Day Broadcast on the 11 November at 11h00 - Is it nothing to you? Lest we forget!

(In memory of soldiers and radio operators who died in war.)

The GRHub Network will commemorate fallen soldiers by broadcasting an audio insert, "Is it nothing to you? Lest we forget" via Echolink ZS1I-L, AllStar Nodes 49355 + 46765 and the 145.550 Mhz RF Link. (Mossel Bay Area)

The contents of the broadcast:

1. Introduction
2. Commemorating fallen soldiers
3. The History
4. The Last Post
5. Closure: Playing of the Last Post

I would like to encourage radio amateurs to connect to the GRHub Network where ever you are on the 11 November @ 11h00. Even if you at work connect via Echolink on your cellphone. As many of us are ex soldiers of war or just a civilian we must remember those who lost their lives during war. Many soldiers paid the highest price for us to live today.

"Remember the dead, don't forget the living" ..... "We shall remember them, lest we forget!"

 

Reminder: ZS18MOTH special call sign

The call sign will be active from 06:00 UTC on Thursday 11 November until 16:00 UTC on Sunday 14 November on 80, 40, 20, 15 and 10 metres. On Sunday 14 November between 08:00 and 12:00 UTC, ZS18MOTH will be active from the Cenotaph in Mossel Bay in support of the MOTHs from the Blaize-away Shell Hole.

QSOs will be confirmed via a specially designed and printed Remembrance Day QSL card.

Lookout for ZS18MOTH on the air.

ED - Please support Nick ZS1N and all who will assist him in this regard.

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Tuesday, November 9, 2021

To Split or not to Split…..Why do we have 600 khz Repeater Splits?

 


In the beginning of Ham FM radio involvement in the 1950s, the only equipment available was from manufacturers such as Bendix (yes, the brake people), Aerotron (yes, the same people who brought Gonset to Hams), Federal Signal (which made rail-road equipment), and others such as Link, Carphone, and RCA. You might also have heard of Motorola and General Electric.

The equipment was commercial and required conversion to Ham frequencies. Most radios were only wired for single-frequency operation. You might get a working radio for free, but two crystals were required for each frequency (transmit and receive) and they cost $5 to $15 each. By informal agreement, all two-meter rigs (that is, converted high band equipment) operated on 146.94 simplex. There were no repeaters at first. All communications was station to station. Rigs and antennas were optimized for that one frequency.

Eventually, repeaters were invented. Actually, they were put into use on Ham frequencies, just like they were for commercial users. Physics and experimentation showed that repeater receivers at sites where the transmitter and receiver were at the same location suffered less desensitization if the transmit and receive frequencies were far apart. Ham repeaters used various separations, but that meant a tuned antenna or tuned receiver front end had to be adjusted quite differently from the tuned antenna for a transmitter.

What to do to ensure peak performance? Practically, it was discovered that a split of 600 kHz was about as far apart as you could separate a transmitter and receiver in frequency to enable a single antenna tuning network to work well for both functions. Of course, the antenna would be tuned for a midpoint frequency, and that opened a bit more of the band for other repeater frequencies to be within tuning range.

But it wasn't always that way! The concept of 600 kHz splits was not intuitive. It required repeater owners be convinced they should conform to this radical idea. That is, repeater owners and operators had to be convinced they should spend money to buy more crystals and tune antennas just for conformity to a concept that meant nothing to them locally, especially when the repeater was coming in just fine, thank you.

Now, aside from the practicalities of allowing as many repeaters in the available frequency allocation, this was the tightest frequency split that would work. As repeaters' ranges extended, it became necessary for repeater users and owners to adopt a wider set of principles. (There were overlapping super-repeaters everywhere. You could use a walkie-talkie in down-town Boston and talk to Hams in Albany!)

The big picture became more important than local concerns and needs. A national norm was needed, developed, and adopted. That norm was 600 kHz. A practical, local example of cooperation: In New England, we had three major repeaters, each of which gave fine coverage that overlapped in Boston and its north-western suburbs.

The Concord, NH repeater had an output on 146.94 and an input of 146.31: a 31-94 repeater. Waltham, MA repeater's output was 146.64, input 146.34: it was set on 34-64. (It had less than a 600 kHz split because its receiver and transmitter antennas were separate and far apart.)

Mt. Greylock, in North Adams, MA output was 146.91, input 146.04: set for 04-91. As you see, none used 600 kHz splits. Each repeater trustee was reluctant to change because of their expense and the expense of their users to buy new crystals. But reason prevailed. One fateful day around 1973, the repeaters realigned to 600 kHz splits. Users in each area voluntarily swapped crystals (some met in parking lots to make the exchanges) and few met with any expense. Concord gave its 31 input to Graylock: Graylock was now 31-91. Waltham gave its 34 input to Concord; Concord was now 34-94. Graylock gave its 04 input to Waltham: Waltham was now 04-64.

Agreement and consistency!

Today, 600 kHz splits are the norm nationwide and that frequency split is pre-programmed in all our radios. Now you know why.


Eric Falkof, K1NUN

Monday, November 8, 2021

#3 - What's in the Box?

 

Why do some do this?  They make an unboxing video and people just love it.  Is it the unexpected or curiosity that they want to know what is in the box?  I do not have the answer but if it is amateur radio related then I am always interested.  So what is in this parcel?  Nothing spectacular but this will enhance the GRHub Network even further.  I am not going to reveal the project that I have in mind as this will be announced in a later posting.  Herewith a few images of what was in the parcel.







The contents:

  • 2 x  Alarm Buzzer Flashing Signal Red 220V AC 22mm
  • 1 x  Battery Car Charger Box 12V to 5V 3A With Wires
  • 1 x  Controller Relay 12V 2 Channel on Board
  • 1 x  Controller Wireless GSM 5V Module for Arduino SIM800L  


Sunday, November 7, 2021

Opdatering: ZS18MOTH - Herdenkingsdag spesiale roepsein.

Foto: Senotaaf in Mosselbaai - ZS1I (2004)

 
 Die onderstaande audio insetsel tov ZS18MOTH deur Nick ZS1N is vanmiddag op die Bo Karoo Amateur Radio Klub se bulletin uitgesaai.  Indien u nie geluister het nie stel ek die MP3 audio insetsel met vergunning van ZS3VDK hieronder beskikbaar vir die wat belangstel om die spesiale stasie te werk of te beman.  

Klik HIER om na die insetsel te luister.

ZS18MOTH a first ever special call sign for Remembrance Day in SA

 

 


Armistice Day is held on 11 November each year and a Remembrance Day parade or ceremony is usually held on the Sunday closest to 11 November. This year it will be held on the 14th of November 2021.

As radio amateurs we would like to support the members of the Memorable Order of Tin Hats (MOTHS). During all wars communication has played an extremely important role. Although radio amateur’s equipment was either confiscated or sealed, they still used their skills and knowledge to assist their countries in the war effort.

A special call sign, ZS18MOTH, has been obtained to commemorate the signing of the Armistice 103 years ago. At approximately 05:00 on Monday 11 November 1918, the Armistice was signed in a railway carriage of Marshall Foch's special train located in the forest at Rethondes in France on the western front. At 11 o'clock on this Monday 11 November 1918, the roar of guns ceased as peace and silence finally descended on the western front, ending the First World War.

The call sign represents ZS = South Africa; 18 = 1918 the year the guns of World War 1 fell silent and MOTH = the Memorial Order of the Tin Hats.

The call sign will be active from 06:00 UTC on Thursday 11 November until 16:00 UTC on Sunday 14 November on 80, 40, 20, 15 and 10 metres. On Sunday 14 November between 08:00 and 12:00 UTC, ZS18MOTH will be active from the Cenotaph in Mossel Bay in support of the MOTHs from the Blaize-away Shell Hole.

QSOs will be confirmed via a specially designed and printed Remembrance Day QSL card.

Lookout for ZS18MOTH on the air. 

ED - Please support Nick ZS1N and all who will assist him in this regard.  This is a first in South Africa.  Well done Nick!!

 

 

 

Closure of this ZS Link Network Blog - 29 April 2026

This will be the final posting on the ZS Link Network Blog. This blog will no longer be updated but will remain available for research an...